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DEFINE COMPILING CODE CODE
Within the binary code, which might decrease the number of cache lines needed to store the code of an inner loop. Inline functions might decrease the number of cache misses: Inlining usually improves locality of reference Multiple lines of the memory cache, and that might cause thrashing of the memory-cache. Inline functions might increase the number of cache misses: Inlining might cause an inner loop to span across Pages when the compiler procedurally integrates the code of g() into f(), the code is often on the same page. When f() calls g(), the code is often on two distinct Once) might go down even if the executable size goes up. Inline functions might prevent thrashing: The working set size (number of pages that need to be in memory at Inline functions might cause thrashing: Inlining might increase the size of the binary executable, and that When the optimizer is able to make the large function small. Large functions when the optimizer is able to remove a lot of redundant code through procedural integration - that is, This happens with very small functions, and it also happens with Than it would by inline-expanding the function’s body. Inline functions might make it smaller: The compiler often generates more code to push/pop registers/parameters Is that 1MB going to cause problems? Who knows, but it is possible that that last 1MB couldĬause the system to “thrash,” and that could slow things down. System has 100 inline functions each of which expands to 100 bytes of executable code and is called in 100 places, Inline functions might make it larger: This is the notion of code bloat, as described above. Of its time going out to disk to fetch the next chunk of code. In other words, if the executable size is too big, the system might spend most Inline functions might make it slower: Too much inlining might cause code bloat, which might cause “thrashing”
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Remove a bunch of unnecessary instructions, which might make things run faster. Inline functions might make it faster: As shown above, procedural integration might Might be, and often are, totally irrelevant to speed. They might cause thrashing, they might prevent thrashing. The executable larger, they might make it smaller. inline functions might make the code faster, they might make it slower. Naturally your mileage may vary, and there are a zillion variables that are outside the scope of this particular FAQ,īut the above serves as an example of the sorts of things that can happen with procedural integration. Since the optimizer would know they’re already in registers. To get written or read since there wouldn’t be a function call, and the parameters wouldn’t need to get written or read If the compiler inline-expands the call to g(), all those memory operations could vanish. Register and also as a parameter) and read twice (when used within g() and to restore the registers during the return When the compiler is able to use registers for variables x, y and z: each variable could get written twice (as a But that’s a lot of unnecessary reading and writing, especially in cases Stack just before the call to g(), then the parameters get read from the stack inside g() and read again to restore
DEFINE COMPILING CODE PLUS
Small ones, plus it lets the compiler generate code that is easy to debug if you select the right compiler options.) What’s a simple example of procedural integration?Ĭonsider the following call to function g(): void f()Īssuming a typical C++ implementation that has registers and a stack, the registers and parameters get written to the The flexibility of the above is actually a huge advantage: it lets the compiler treat large functions differently from (Don’t get discouraged if that seems hopelessly vague. Of the places where you call a function designated as inline. Inline, it is a request that the compiler is allowed to ignore: the compiler might inline-expand some, all, or none No matter how you designate a function as There are several ways to designate that a function is inline, some of which involve the inline Integrate the called code - optimize the called code into the caller. Other things, improve performance, because the optimizer can procedurally (conceptually similar to what happens with a #define macro).
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When the compiler inline-expands a function call, the function’s code gets inserted into the caller’s code stream
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Inline Functions What’s the deal with inline functions?